Forests cover 30 percent of the Earth’s land surface. As well as being important for food security and shelter, they are also essential for fighting climate change, protecting biodiversity and providing habitat for indigenous peoples. For example, deforestation must stop by 2020 and forestation must increase worldwide. In the same year, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems must be protected, especially forests, swamps, mountain areas and steppes. By 2030, desertification must be stopped.